Present-day tritium has three major sources of origin: (1) natural production in the upper atmosphere through cosmic ray-induced spallations of nuclides and particle capture reactions of nitrogen and oxygen ( Geyh and Schleicher, 1990), (2) residual activities from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing ( Libby, 1963), and (3) on-going nuclear fuel cycle operations. Tritium is a pure, low-energy beta emitter ( E max = 18.6 keV) with a half-life of 12.43 years. BRIAN CARTER, in Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis (Second Edition), 2003 1.
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